Masahiro Kami, M.D., Ph.D. President, Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan Keywords: #Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, #National Medical Licensing Examination, #Doctor Shortage, #Aesthetic Clinics, #Doctor Maldistribution, #Cosmetic Surgery   As the maldistribution of doctors exacerbates shortages in rural areas and certain specialties, the government has proposed measures to regulate the outflow of doctors to aesthetic clinics, which has been cited as